Diphyllobothrium pacificum, a tapeworm from sea lions. However, one species, diphyllobothrium latum, contains vitamin b12 receptors on the. Up to 20 million humans are estimated to be infected worldwide. Diphyllobothrium latum an overview sciencedirect topics. Diphyllobothriasis is frequently reported along the coast of the sea of. Recent research incorporating morphologic and molecular data has led to the reclassification and renaming of most of the humaninfecting diphyllobothriids. The patient complained of recurrent abdominal pain and watery. Twenty cases of dyphillobothrium pacificum fish tapeworm. Pdf diphyllobothriasis caused by the infection of adult diphyllobothrium tapeworms sporadically occurs in chile.
Update on the human broad tapeworm genus diphyllobothrium. The principal species causing diphyllobothriasis is diphyllobothrium latum. Diphyllobothrium latum, the fish or broad tapeworm. Several species of human diphyllobothriid ces todes have been reported. Diphyllobothrium pacificum infection is seldom associated with megaloblastic anemia article pdf available in the american journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 875 september 2012 with. Diphyllobothrium pacificum infection nybellin 1931. What is diphyllobothrium latum diphyllobothrium latum and related species the fish or broad tapeworm, the largest tapeworms that can infect people, can grow up to 30 feet long. Abstract a number of cases of infection with the broad or fish tapeworm, diphyllobothrium latum, occurring in patients of boston hospitals have come lately to the attention of the department of comparative pathology of the harvard medical school. Diphyllobothrium latum introduction diphyllobothrium latum is an intestinal cestode or tapeworm which possesses a scolex with 2 bothria unlike the typical 4 suckers seen on the taenia species. Tapeworm infections include taeniasis, diphyllobothriasis, hymenolepiasis and dipylidiasis. Host specificity evidently is not expressed by various species of diphyllobothrium that occur typically in marine mammals, and people become infected occasionally when dietary customs favor ingestion of plerocercoids. New distribution record for podocinum pacificum berlese acarine, mesostigmata by b mcdaniel. The worm is widely distributed in subarctic regions life cycle second larval stage procercoid clinical disease. Diphyllobothrium latum infection in humans is not common in republic of korea.
Pdf molecular identification of the diphyllobothrium species. It is endemic in parapolar areas where humans consume raw or pickled fish. Fish infected with diphyllobothrium larvae may be transported to and consumed in any area of the world. In 1937, johnston and drummond described separately 2 conspecific cestodes from sea lions near australia, designated d. Pacific broad tapeworm adenocephalus pacificus as a causative. The formalinfixed gross specimen and histology slides were sent to the united states centers for disease control cdc, where a diagnosis of diphyllobothrium species was confirmed by polymerase chain.
Diphyllobothrium latum and human nutrition, with particular reference to vitamin b12 deficiency volume 22 issue 1 wolmar nyberg. Diphyllobothrium definition of diphyllobothrium by. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. The most frequent symptoms were fatigue and mild abdominal pain, which were identified in approximately 66. Diphyllobothrium pacificum infection is seldom associated. The eggs mature in water within three weeks and form oncospheres. Eleven species have been identified to cause diphyllobothriasis in humans1 2 including diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense, d latum, d dentriticum and d pacificum. In this communication is presented the finding of the tapeworm diphyllobothrium pacificum, parasite of sea lions, in canis familiaris dog in chincha city, peru. Introduction diphyllobothrium is a genus of tapeworm which can cause diphyllobothriasis in humans. The cestode diphyllobothrium latum the fish or broad tapeworm, the largest human tapeworm. The fish tapeworm has been reported in more than 250 cases of infestation of human beings on the continent of north america. This page was last edited on 9 december 2019, at 00. In japan, the causative agent of diphyllobothriasis has long been considered to be the tapeworm diphyllobothrium latum proposed as dibothriocephalus latus in 2017 2, ever since the first case of diphyllobothriasis reported in 1889 12.
This report mainly concerns 2 species, diphyllobothrium pacificum and diphyllobothrium arctocephalinum, for which sea lions otariidae are final hosts. Diphyllobothrium pacificum infection is seldom associated with. Only at the unit ii coprolites containing helminth eggs identified as diphyllobothrium pacificum were found. Diagnosing ancient diphyllobothriasis from chinchorro. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense infection linked to chilled. Diphyllobothrium latum, otherwise known as the fish or broad tapeworm, is a cestode worm that can infect humans through consumption of raw or undercooked fish 1. Because of the ecological food chain in the peru current and the fact that the anchoveta is only used for fish meal, the author concludes that man. Cdc diphyllobothrium frequently asked questions faqs. However, it is possible that many historical cases were falsely attributed to this species. The life cycle of diphyllobothrium latum starts, when immature eggs are passed in the feces of an infected human.
The patient complained of recurrent abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. South america, chile, peru, argentina, brazi, and ecuador have reported human infections caused by diphyllobothrium pacificum and d. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page.
Dibothriocephalus latus diphyllobothrium latum, the broad fish tapeworm, is usually assumed to be the most common agent of human diphyllobothriasis. Diphyllobothriasis is frequently reported along the coast of the sea of japan, where the majority of human infections are caused by d. Diphyllobothrium pacificum kenyi jean pierre mercado garcia. Welcome to cdc stacks epidemiology of diphyllobothrium. Diphyllobothrium tapeworms are large segmented parasites that are acquired by ingestion of. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Diphyllobothrium is a genus of tapeworms which can cause diphyllobothriasis in humans through consumption of raw or undercooked fish. However, most of them are known in somewhat restricted.
Pacific broad tapeworm adenocephalus pacificus as a. The presence of this tapeworm, a parasite of the american sea lion, in human coprolites, points to a diet which included marine fishes and provides information on the antiquity of infection by diphyllobothrium pacificum. Our analysis of chinchorro mummies from chile provides the oldest evidence of d. Diphyllobothriasis dibothriocephalus latum is a topic covered in the johns hopkins abx guide.
Diphyllobothriasis caused by the adult tapeworm diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense proposed as dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis in 2017 2, an infection closely associated with the consumption of raw pacific salmon, is the most frequently occurring foodborne parasitic infection in japan. Life cycle and morphology infection with the adult worm is acquired by the ingestion of row, poorly cocked or. Recently several species other than diphyllobothrium latum have been isolated from humans in different parts of the world. Diphyllobothrium infection generally occurs in the northern hemisphere europe, newly independent states of the former soviet union, north america, asia, but has been reported in uganda and chile.
These mummies date between 4,000 and 5,000 years ago. Some authors have supported the hypothesis that fish may be the source of diphyllobothrium latum plerocercoid infection. Pdf diphyllobothrium pacificum infection is seldom associated. Diphyllobothrium article about diphyllobothrium by the free. A diagnostic comment followed, which stated that findings were most consistent with an adult broad fish tapeworm diphyllobothrium species. Morphology of diphyllobothrium latum fish tapeworm 2. Although most infected people are asymptomatic, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and weight loss can be seen, as well as. The procercoid larva then penetrates the intestine of the fish and moves to the muscle where it develops into a plerocercoid. Diphyllobothrium pacificum has been reported as a human parasite from coprolites and skeletons in peru and chile. Morphology of diphyllobothrium latum fish tapeworm life cycle of diphyllobothrium latum clinical features of diphyllobothrium latum treatment. Tapeworms cestoda continue to be an important cause of morbidity in humans worldwide. Diphyllobothrium latum is most commonly associated with. This page was last edited on 24 december 2019, at 06. Ppt diphyllobothrium latum powerpoint presentation.
Unexpected finding of diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense in a. Both names have been listed incorrectly as synonyms of d. Besides humans, definitive hosts of diphyllobothrium include piscivorous. Diphyllobothrium latum infection in a child with recurrent. Diphyllobothrium pacificum infection is seldom associated with megaloblastic anemia. The american journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, vol. The principal species causing diphyllobothriasis is diphyllobothrium latum, known as the broad or fish tapeworm, or broad fish tapeworm.
The pacific broad tapeworm adenocephalus pacificus syn. Diphyllobothriasis, brazil volume 11, number 10october. In the present study we optimized a cheap and rapid molecular test for the differential identification of the most common diphyllobothrium species infecting humans d. Diphyllobothrium pacificum is the causative agent of the third most common fishborne cestodosis among humans. At least twentythree cases have been reported in patients who have spent their entire lives in this part of the world. This change of diet had significant consequences figure 1.
Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense is a large pseudophyllid cestode and one of the commonest parasites derived from fish in japan. It is the most commonly diagnosed cause of diphyllobothriasis, a disease which affects an estimated 20 million people today 2. The principal species causing diphyllobothriosis is diphyllobothrium latum, known as the broad or fish tapeworm, or broad fish tapeworm. A and b, eggs of diphyllobothrium latum 55 to 75 m. Pdf diphyllobothrium pacificum infection is seldom. Brazi, and ecuador have reported human infections caused by diphyllobothrium pacificum and d.
Diphyllobothrium difillobothreum, a large genus of tapeworms characterized by a spatulate scolex with dorsal and ventral sucking grooves or bothria. Diphyllobothrium stemmacephalum cobbold, 1858 diphyllobothriidea from common bottlenose dolphin, tursiops truncatus montagu from the texas gulf coast, usa. Diphyllobothrium pacificum nybelin, 1931 margolis, 1956. Diphyllobothrium latum occurs in many parts of the world, mainly in northern. Single dose treatment with praziquantel cesol r, embay 8440 of human cestodiasis caused by diphyllobothrium pacificum.
Parasitology improved in the 17th and 18th centuries after science and. Although most of the nearly 1,000 cases among humans have been reported in south america peru, chile, and ecuador, cases recently imported to europe demonstrate the potential for spread of this tapeworm throughout the. Diphyllobothriasis is an intestinal parasitosis acquired by eating raw or partially cooked fish containing diphyllobothrium spp. The cestode, diphyllobothrium latum, also called the fish or broad tapeworm, can live for years within the intestine and is the largest human tapeworm, producing the condition of diphyllobothriasis. In this article we will discuss about diphyllobothrium latum fish tapeworm. Select up to three search categories and corresponding keywords using the fields to the right. Besides humans, definitive hosts of diphyllobothrium. Diphyllobothrium pacificum nybelin, 1931 margolis, 1956, evolves entirely in a marine habitat. Multiplex pcr for differential identification of broad. Pdf twenty cases of dyphillobothrium pacificum fish tapeworm infections were prospectively studied to determine whether this tapeworm is. May 02, 2015 introduction dibothriocephalus latus, or diphyllobothrium latum is a fish tapeworm most common in waters of the northern hemisphere infests humans and other mammals that eat fish, particularly bears and dogs 7. According to some reports, the eggs of diphyllobothrium pacificum are 4060m in length and 3640m in width1, while the egg size of diphyllobothrium latum is approximately 5876 by 4051m4. Diphyllobothrium latum is the most common and mostly found in scandinavia, the baltics and western russia.
Diphyllobothrium latum tenia del pescado difilobotriasis. Diphyllobothrium latum article about diphyllobothrium latum. Diphyllobothrium pacificum, a tapeworm from sea lions endemic. Preserved bodies in peat bogs in poland and denmark contained intestinal parasite eggs. Nov 07, 2012 in all other patients, including three other patients with anemia, baseline vitamin b12 levels were in the reference range and did not significantly change when reassessed three months later. Diphyllobothrium pacificum is the causative agent of the third most common fish borne cestodosis among humans. Several other diphyllobothrium species have been reported to infect humans, but less frequently. This report aims to present the case of a 20yearold patient with confirmed diphyllobothrium latum infection.
Apr, 2011 diphyllobothrium pacificum nybelin, 1931 margolis, 1956, evolves entirely in a marine habitat. Refer to the help section for more detailed instructions. To view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a subscription official website of the johns hopkins antibiotic abx, hiv, diabetes, and psychiatry guides, powered by unbound medicine. Case reporta rare case of diphyllobothriasis from pondicherry. Fish tapeworm infections are due to parasites of the diphyllobothrium species. Diphyllobothrium latum infection in a nonendemic country. Diphyllobothriasis means literally an invasion of the human intestines by any species of tapeworm belonging to the genus diphyllobothrium cestoda. An unexpected finding of diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense in a patient with inflammatory bowel disease.
New distribution record for podocinum pacificum berlese. Several other diphyllobothrium species infect humans, but less frequently what are the signs and symptoms of diphyllobothrium infection most infections are asymptomatic. Diphyllobothriosis, a human disease caused by tapeworms of the genus diphyllobothrium, is the most important fishborne zoonosis caused by a cestode parasite. Diphyllobothrium pacificum definition of diphyllobothrium. Twenty cases of dyphillobothrium pacificum fish tapeworm infections were prospectively studied to determine whether this tapeworm is associated with megaloblastic anemia, as commonly reported for d. Jun, 2019 diphyllobothriasis is a fishborne zoonotic infection with the cestode diphyllobothrium latum see the image below or other similar species eg, diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense, diphyllobothrium dendriticum, adenocephalus pacificus, diplogonoporus balanopterae. Diphyllobothriasis is defined as human intestinal infection with the cestode diphyllobothrium latum or other diphyllobothrium species. All patients expelled the tapeworm with scolex, and no side effect was noted. Diphyllobothrium definition of diphyllobothrium by medical.
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